Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Eczema

Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Eczema (Dandruff and Crusting)

Seborrheic Dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent skin condition that occurs in areas with a high density of sebaceous glands. It is characterized by dandruff, redness, itching, and crusting of the skin. The scalp, sides of the nose, behind the ears, eyebrows, and chest are common areas affected. It is more prevalent in individuals with oily skin types.

Causes and Risk Factors of Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Genetic Predisposition: Individuals with a family history of seborrheic dermatitis are more likely to develop the condition.
• Sensitivity to Skin Fungi: The proliferation of fungi called Malassezia plays a role in the development of the disease.
• Stress and Psychological Factors: Stress can trigger flare-ups.
• Seasonal Changes: Cold weather and lack of humidity can increase symptoms.
• Immune System Issues: Conditions like HIV and Parkinson’s disease can exacerbate the severity of seborrheic dermatitis.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Overactive sebaceous glands can trigger the disease.

Symptoms

• Dandruff and Scaling: White or yellowish flakes are common on the scalp, eyebrows, and sides of the nose.
• Redness of the Skin: Mild redness may appear in affected areas.
• Oily Crusting: Oily and crusty formations, especially at the base of the hair, may develop.
• Itching: Scratching can cause irritation and lead to infections.
• Flare-ups and Calm Periods: Symptoms may worsen at times and improve during other periods.

Diagnosis Methods

• Clinical Examination: A dermatologist diagnoses the condition by examining the spread and shape of the symptoms.
• Dermatoscopy: Detailed examination of the scalp.
• Fungal Tests: Used to confirm an increase in Malassezia fungi.
• Blood Tests: To investigate underlying conditions.

Treatment Methods for Seborrheic Dermatitis

1. Topical Treatment (Shampoos and Creams)

• Shampoos containing Ketoconazole: Effective against Malassezia fungi.
• Zinc Pyrithione and Selenium Sulfide: Reduce dandruff and inhibit fungal growth.
• Shampoos containing Salicylic Acid: Speed up the shedding of dead skin cells.
• Steroid Creams (Topical Corticosteroids): Used to reduce redness and itching (short-term use).

2. Immune-Modulating Creams

• Pimecrolimus or Tacrolimus: Preferred to avoid the side effects of corticosteroids.

3. Oral Antifungal Medications

• In severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed under doctor supervision.

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